geyeku.cc 
15. 帝國繼承人通常在出生時或出生侯不久就會被加冕為共治皇帝，因此固定格式中會出現兩個人的名號。De Cerimoniis aulae Byzantinae libri duo, ed. J. Reiske, 2 vols. (Bonn, 1829–30), 48, vol. 2, pp. 686–92; 46, vol. 2, p. 679.
16. C. Will, Acta et scripta quae de controversiis Ecclesiae Graecae et Latinae (Leipzig, 1861), pp. 150–4.
17. J. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum Concilium Amplissima Collectio, 31 vols. (Florence, 1759–98), 20, cols. 507–8; Gregory VII, Register, VI.5b, p. 281. 阿萊克修斯遭受絕罰在Bernold of Constance, pp. 479–80中被提到。
18. William of Apulia, IV, p. 230; cf. Anna Komnene, I.13, p. 40.
19. 此處最可靠的資料出自大公會議上達成的角令、角皇颂往佛蘭德斯、托斯卡納和西班牙的六封信，以及當時人們對烏爾班二世在克萊蒙會議侯在法蘭西各地的傳盗侗員所留下的記述，例如1096年2月在昂熱。 Somerville, Councils of Urban II, pp. 74, 124; Hagenmeyer, Epistulae, pp. 136, 137–8; W. Wiederhold, 'Papsturkunden in Florenz', Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu G?ttingen, Phil-hist. Kl. (1901), pp. 313–14; P. Kehr, Papsturkunden in Spanien. I Katalonien (Berlin, 1926), pp. 287–8; L. Halphen and R. Poupardin, Chronique des comtes d'Anjou et des seigneurs d'Amboise (Paris, 1913), pp. 237–8.
20. Geoffrey Malaterra, IV.13, p. 92; W. Holtzmann, 'Die Unionsverhandlungen zwischen Kaiser Alexios I und Papst Urban II im Jahre 1089', Byzantinische Zeitschrift, 28 (1928), pp. 60–2.
21. Anna Komnene, V.9, p. 151.
22. Holtzmann, 'Unionsverhandlungen zwischen Kaiser Alexios I und Papst Urban II', pp. 60–2.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid., pp. 62–4.
25. Theophylact of Ohrid, Peri egkalountai Latinon, in P. Gautier (ed. and tr.), Theophylacti Achridensis Opera (Thessaloniki, 1980), p. 249.
26. Ibid., pp. 251–61.
27. Ibid., pp. 271–9.
28. H. Seyffert (ed.), Benzo von Alba. Sieben Bücher an Kaiser Heinrich IV (Hanover, 1996), I.14–17, pp. 140–54.
29. Geoffrey Malaterra, IV.13, pp. 92–3.
30. R. Somerville, Pope Urban II, the Collectio Britannica, and the Council of Melfi (1089) (Oxford, 1996), pp. 175–80.
31. 他的評論見於寫給君士坦丁堡牧首尼古拉三世的一封信中。Holtzmann, 'Union-s-verhandlungen zwischen Kaiser Alexios I und Papst Urban II', pp. 64–7.
32. Thus Becker, Papst Urban II, 2, pp. 80ff.
33. Ibid., p. 60.
34. Ibid., pp. 59–60.
35. Pavlov, 'Otryvki grecheskago teksta', pp. 169–86.
36. Anna Komnene, IV.1, p. 109.
37. E.g. Regii neapolitani archivi: monumenta edita ac illustrata, 6 vols. (Naples, 1845–61) 5, no. 457, pp. 146–7; no. 458, pp. 148–52; no. 462, pp. 157–9; no. 467, pp. 174–8; Codice Diplomatico Barese, 6 vols. (Bari, 1897–1902), 3, no. 24, pp. 39–40; no. 35, p. 41; no. 36, p. 42; no. 27, p. 43; no. 28, pp. 44–5; no. 29, pp. 45–6; no. 30, pp. 46–7; D. Morea (ed.), Il chartularium del monastero (Montecassino, 1892), p. 136.
38. Bernold of Constance, pp. 470–80.
39. G. Spata, Le pergamene greche esistenti nel grande archivio di Palermo (Palermo, 1861), pp. 163–6, 173–5, 179–82; S. Cusa, I diplomi greci ed arabi di Sicilia pubblicati nel testo originale, 2 vols. (Palermo, 1868–82), 2, p. 391.
40. Bernold of Constance, p. 483; Anna Komnene, VIII.5, p. 224.
41. F. Sisic (ed.), Letopis Popa Dukljanina (Belgrade, 1928), pp. 413–16; P. Frankopan, 'Co-operation between Constantinople and Rome before the First Crusade: A study of the convergence of interests in Croatia in the late 11th Century', Crusades 3 (2004), pp. 1–13.
42. Fulcher of Chartres, I.5.xi, p. 71.
43. Bernold of Constance, pp. 458, 462.
44. Herrand of Halberstadt, Epistola de causa Heinrici regis, MGH Libelli, 2, p. 288.
45. MGH Constitutiones et acta publica imperatorum et regum, 2 vols. (Hanover, 1893), 1, p. 564; Bernold of Constance, p. 520.
46. Bernold of Constance, p. 520.
47. Geoffrey Malaterra, IV.23, p. 101; Bernold of Constance, p. 463.
48. 關於皮亞琴察大公會議的情形，參見R. Somerville, Pope Urban II's Council of Piacenza (Oxford, 2011).
第2章 重振君士坦丁堡
1. C. Mango and R. Parker, 'A Twelfth-Century Description of St Sophia', Dumbarton Oaks Papers 14 (1960), pp. 235–40.
2. E. Legrand, 'Constantin le Rhodien: Description des oeuvres d'art et de l'église des Saints Ap?tres, suivie d'un commentaire par Th. Reinach', Revue des Etudes Grecques 9 (1896), pp. 32–65.
3. 君士坦丁堡的貿易規章在一本名為"Book of the Eparch"的法典中得到了規定。J. Koder, Das Eparchenbuch Leons des Weisen (Vienna, 1991).
4. K. Ciggaar, 'Une description de Constanti-nople dans le Tarragonensis 55', Revue des Etudes Byzantines 53 (1995), pp. 117–40.
5. Fulcher of Chartres, I.9.i, p. 79.
6. The Saga of the People of Laxardal (Laxdaela Saga), tr. K. Kunz in The Sagas of Icelanders (London, 1997), 72, p. 410.
7. Michael Psellos, ed. and tr. E. Theanauld, Michel Psellos. Chronographie, 2 vols.(Paris, 1926), VII.25, 2, p. 97,
8. Laxdaela Saga, 77, p. 419.
9. Snorri Sturulson, Haralds Saga, tr. L. Hollander, in Heimskringla: History of the Kings of Norway (Austin, TX, 1964), 3–6, pp. 579–82.
10. R. Savage (ed.), La Chronique de Sainte-Barbe-en-Auge (Caen, 1906), pp. 23, 57–8.
11. K. Ciggaar, 'L'émigration anglaise à Byzance après 1066', Revue des Etudes Byzantines 32 (1974), pp. 338–41.
12. Ciggaar, 'Description de Constantinople', p. 119; Gesta Francorum Iherusalem expugnantium, in RHC, Occ., 3, p. 494; J. Zepos and P. Zepos (eds.), Jus Graeco-Romanorum, 8 vols. (Athens, 1931–62) 1, p. 317; Miklosich and Müller, 6, p. 44; P. Lemerle, N. Svoronos, A. Guillou, D. Papachryssanthou (eds.), Archives de l'Athos: Actes de Lavra (Paris, 1970), no. 48, 1, pp. 258–9.
13. Actes de Lavra, no. 35, 1, pp. 233–5.
14. M. English Frazer, 'Church doors and the Gates of Paradise: Byzantine bronze doors in Italy', Dumbarton Oaks Papers 27 (1973), pp. 147–8.
15. P. Lemerle, 'Le testament d'Eustathios Bo?las (Avril 1059)', Cinq études sur le XIe siècle byzantin (Paris, 1977), pp. 24–5.
